What is the coefficient of performance (COP) in HVAC?

The coefficient of performance (COP) is a key metric in HVAC that measures the efficiency of heating and cooling systems. It is defined as the ratio of useful heating or cooling output to the energy input required to obtain that output. In this context, the correct formula for COP encompasses both heating and cooling, represented mathematically as heating or cooling output divided by electrical input.

This ratio indicates how effectively the system transforms energy into useful thermal energy, with a higher COP indicating a more efficient system. For instance, if a heating system has a COP of 4, it means that for every unit of electrical energy consumed, it provides four units of heating output. This performance metric is essential for evaluating and comparing the efficiency of different HVAC systems, ultimately guiding choices for energy efficiency and cost management in heating and cooling applications.

Other definitions do not accurately depict the concept of COP, which is why they do not align with the standard understanding in HVAC practice.